Doubling Macapuno Coconut Production through pollination

Resumen

Kelapa Kopyor harvest is now shorter, at the age of 3 years; usually 5-8 years. Macapuno fruit production also increased.

The rows of coconut trees on the 3,000 m2 land are not yet so towering. The height of the tree belonging to the Arecaceae family is on average 1.2 meters. Compare this with the height of the owner, Masykuri, who reaches 1.6 m. Of the 88 dwarf trees, the planters in Sambiroto Village, Tayu District, Pati Regency, Central Java Province, picked Kelapa Kopyors. At the first harvest, a tree produces a bunch of 7-12 fruits.

To Masykuri's delight, half of the fruits were Macapuno. This means that from a bunch of planters who are now 53 years old, they get 6 Kelapa Kopyors.

Cornellius Ruslan, a planter in Banyutowo Village, Dukuhseti District, Pati Regency, also planted 62 Kelapa Kopyor trees. The areca nut relatives are also early in nature, aka fast in harvesting. Ruslan first harvests when the tree is 3 years old.

Masykuri got seeds from his parents who had 5 trees. He grew old coconuts until they sprouted. According to Masykuri, it is difficult to distinguish between Kelapa Puan and non-Kelapa Puan seeds. He only believed after the seeds sprouted into seeds. Characteristics of Kelapa Puan seeds are more flexible leaf shoots. It was the seeds with such characteristics that he gradually planted in his garden. Ruslan applies a similar method.

Ripe in unison

Apart from Ruslan and Masykuri, other residents in Pati also plant early Kelapa Kopyors. They plant Macapuno early maturing coconuts in gardens, roadsides, and yards. According to mitra usaha tani and Agus Susetyo PurwonoAMd, forestry and field plantation extension officer from the Plantation and Forestry Office of Pati Regency, the early Kelapa Kopyor has been growing in Pati for decades. Pati Regency is the center of Kelapa Kopyor in the country.

In 2008, the kopyor planted area in Pati reached 372.09 ha with a population of 47,061 trees. Of the total, 30 ha of land were identified as early Kelapa Kopyor. "The early Kelapa Kopyor is spread in several sub-districts, but the largest population is in Margoyoso, Dukuhseti, and Tayu sub-districts," said Agus. The Kelapa Kopyor tree is clearly special. The deep coconut Kelapa Puan usually bears its first fruit at the age of 5-7 years, and some even bear fruit when the tree is 8 years old.

An average Kelapa Kopyor bunch consists of 6-10 pieces. The percentage of most pol Macapuno is only 20%. This means that from a bunch of Kelapa Kopyor planters, they only pick a maximum of 2 Macapuno fruits, the rest are ordinary coconuts. The advantage of early Kelapa Puan is what prompted Ismail and his team to explore the Kelapa Puan center in mid-2007. The alumnus of Sam Ratulangi University found the criteria for early maturity in Kelapa Kopyor, namely faster harvest time, aged 3 years.

In addition, the tree is relatively short. "The height of the plant is only 0.5-1 m when the first fruit appears, so it is very easy for planters to harvest," said Ismail. Currently, when the tree is 10 years old, the number of bunches is 15 per tree each. consists of 7-12 fruit. The kopyor rate reaches 50%, half of the total fruit is Kelapa Kopyor. Ismail said the high percentage of Kelapa Puan is because the female and male flowers ripen at the same time so that the pollination rate is higher.

Well, in the deep Kelapa Kopyor, the male flowers ripen first than the female flowers. The impact of pollination by male flowers of other trees is very high. Especially if the female flowers of Kelapa Kopyor are naturally pollinated by pollen from the male flowers of coconut trees that are not Kelapa Puan," said Ismail. The flowering system for early Macapuno and deep Macapuno is the same, they are single housed. The flowers are separated and open. The female flowers are below, male flowers above.

Superior varieties

The government released the Kelapa Kopyor from Pati as a local superior variety in December 2010. Acting Head of the Forestry and Plantation Service of Pati Regency, Ir. Pujo Winarno MM, said that early Kelapa Kopyor has the potential to be developed as a main source of income. Just look at Masykuri who regularly picks 12 fruits from 5 trees every 5 days. Collectors pick themselves and immediately pay IDR 15,000 per fruit or a total of IDR 180,000.

According to Pujo, if the planters cultivate early kopyor intensively, their income will be multiplied. A planter who manages 156 trees on 1 ha of land, for example, can pick 90 fruits per tree or a total of 14,000 fruits a year. A tree produces an average of 15 bunches per year. The income of the planters reaches IDR 17 million per month. The price of one Kelapa Kopyor in the hands of farmers is Rp. 15,000 per grain. The selling price of early Macapuno is indeed cheaper than inner kopyor which reaches Rp. 20,000 per fruit. Please understand, the size of the early Macapuno fruit is smaller, the diameter is only 15 cm, the kopyor is 30 cm deep.

Although the price of early Kelapa Kopyor is lower, the farmers' accumulated profit is higher because the percentage of early Kelapa Kopyor is higher. "When the planter plants

150 trees dIn one hectare of land, even though there are 30 trees that are not kopyor, farmers can still earn a turnover of IDR 93 million per year. That turnover, when added to the sale of uncoated coconuts at a price of Rp. 1,000 per grain, can reach Rp. 106 million per year," said Pujo.

Therefore, the Forestry and Plantation Service provides cultivation counseling and training to planters. The goal is for optimal harvest. According to Pujo, since qualifying as a superior variety, the demand for seeds has continued to flow. "The request was fulfilled directly by the farmers through the breeders," said Pujo Winarno.